PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.